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During the lifetime of the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ).
A study of the compilation of text must begin with the character of the book itself as it was handed down by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) to his Companions may Allah be pleased with them during his lifetime. It was not delivered or revealed all at once.
The Noble Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) piecemeal over a period of twenty-three years from the time when he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) began to preach the Message of Islam in Makkah in 610 CE until his death at Madeenah in 632 CE. The Quran itself declares that Allah addressed Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) with what means: "…And We have spaced it distinctly." [Quran 25:32]
Furthermore, no chronological record of the sequence of passages was kept by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) himself or his Companions so that, as each of these began to be collected into an actual Soorah (chapter), no thought was given as to theme, order of deliverance or chronological sequence. It is acknowledged by all Muslim scholars that most of the chapters, especially the longer ones, are composite texts containing various passages not necessarily linked to each other in the sequence in which they were given. As time went on Prphet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) would say words to the effect of: "Put this passage in the chapter in which so-and-so is mentioned", or: "Put it in such and such a place." [Imam As-Suyooti, Al-Itqan fee 'Uloom Al-Quran, p.141]
Thus, passages were added to compilations of other passages already collected together until each of these became a distinct chapter. The evidence that a number of these chapters already had their recognised titles during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) is the following two Prophetic narrations: "Anyone who recites the last two verses of Soorah Al-Baqarah (The Cow, chapter 2) at night, they will suffice him." [Al-Bukhari] And: "If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Soorah Al-Kahf (the Cave, No. 18), he will be protected from the Dajjal (Antichrist)." [Imam Muslim]
At the same time, there is also reason to believe that there were other chapters to which titles were not necessarily given by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ). An example of this is Soorah Al-Ikhlas [Chapter 112], for although the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) spoke at some length about it and said it was equal to one-third of the whole Quran, he did not mention it by name. [Imam Muslim]
A study of the compilation of text must begin with the character of the book itself as it was handed down by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) to his Companions may Allah be pleased with them during his lifetime. It was not delivered or revealed all at once.
The Noble Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) piecemeal over a period of twenty-three years from the time when he sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) began to preach the Message of Islam in Makkah in 610 CE until his death at Madeenah in 632 CE. The Quran itself declares that Allah addressed Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) with what means: "…And We have spaced it distinctly." [Quran 25:32]
Furthermore, no chronological record of the sequence of passages was kept by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) himself or his Companions so that, as each of these began to be collected into an actual Soorah (chapter), no thought was given as to theme, order of deliverance or chronological sequence. It is acknowledged by all Muslim scholars that most of the chapters, especially the longer ones, are composite texts containing various passages not necessarily linked to each other in the sequence in which they were given. As time went on Prphet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) would say words to the effect of: "Put this passage in the chapter in which so-and-so is mentioned", or: "Put it in such and such a place." [Imam As-Suyooti, Al-Itqan fee 'Uloom Al-Quran, p.141]
Thus, passages were added to compilations of other passages already collected together until each of these became a distinct chapter. The evidence that a number of these chapters already had their recognised titles during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) is the following two Prophetic narrations: "Anyone who recites the last two verses of Soorah Al-Baqarah (The Cow, chapter 2) at night, they will suffice him." [Al-Bukhari] And: "If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Soorah Al-Kahf (the Cave, No. 18), he will be protected from the Dajjal (Antichrist)." [Imam Muslim]
At the same time, there is also reason to believe that there were other chapters to which titles were not necessarily given by Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ). An example of this is Soorah Al-Ikhlas [Chapter 112], for although the Prophet sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) spoke at some length about it and said it was equal to one-third of the whole Quran, he did not mention it by name. [Imam Muslim]